Octave Tassaert, The Temptation of Saint Hilarion, about 1857 (oil on canvas, 111.4 x 144.3 cm)
The catalogue entry for this work describes Tassaert’s unique style as “somewhere between Romanticism and Realism” (1), although this painting is hanging in the Romanticism gallery. This work has many of the hallmarks of Romanticism, including drama and emotion as well as the setting, a mysterious, exotic, and fictionalized East (2).
This painting depicts Saint Hilarion in his ‘home’ in the desert. Saint Jerome describes it, saying: “he built a little poor cell for himself, which is still extant to this day. It had but the breadth of four foot, and the height of five, so that it was lower than he; in length it was a little longer than the extent of his body; so that you would rather have esteemed it to be a grave, than a house” (3). Tassaert draws on stories about Saint Hilarion from Saint Jerome, whose text describes the saint’s commitment to chastity. He writes: “many were his temptations, and many snares were set by the Devils for him… How often would naked women appear to him, as he was resting? How often would most sumptuous diet be set before him, when he was fasting?” (4).
The intense, stark contrast between the cool colours outside, illuminating Saint Hilarion and the surface in front of him, and the warm light coming from inside the cave creates two different worlds within the painting: one stark and pious and one decadent and hellish. In a very unreal, otherworldly way, the different colours and lights don’t seem to mix. Further suggesting hell and evil, if you look closely you can see some devil-like and grotesque figures among the nude women - there is a horned devil in the bottom right corner and a floating face emerging behind a female figure above that. However, these are hard to see - clearly what is being emphasized is the female bodies. Tassaert invites the audience to visually appreciate this evil but “delectable” (5) mass of female bodies, even if Saint Hilarion won’t. The wall text notes that Tassaert “loved women” (6), and he was also known for his sensuous Courbet-esque female nudes.
1. “The Temptation of Saint Hilarion,” Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Collections Online, https://www.mbam.qc.ca/en/collections/?t=hilarion#detail-14805
2. Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, “Romanticism: Breaking the Canon,” Art Journal 52, no. 2 (1993): 19.
3. Jerome & Henry Hawkins, Certaine selected epistles of S. Hierome as also the liues of Saint Paul the first hermite, of Saint Hilarion the first monke of Syria, and of S. Malchus: written by the same Saint (Saint-Omer: printed at the English College press, 1630), 90.
4. Jerome & Hawkins, Certaine Selected Epistles of S. Hierome, 90.
5 & 6. “The Temptation of Saint Hilarion.”

