Floating Churches
By the end of the 19th century, shipping was one of the main activities driving the growing American economy, and many cities became thriving port cities. This also ensured that many sailors came to these cities. This led to the creation of a number of institutes that were dedicated to bringing the Word of God to these men and built floating churches. Such institutes were the Seamen’s Church Institute, founded in 1834 or The Seamen’s Church Institute of Philadelphia and South Jersey from 1843. The idea was that a sailor would not feel comfortable in a church on land in a foreign city. “In a floating church he knows he has a home,” it was said in Dwight’s American Magazine in 1845.
The Floating Church of the Redeemer, Philadelphia, 1849. Built by Clement L. Dennington of New York for the Churchmen’s Missionary Association for Seamen (x)
However, this idea was not new. As early as 1816-17, floating churches and the so-called Bethel movement began in England to keep the Napleonic wars vetreans from drinking and other impure lifestyles and to lure them towards the church.
These Redeemer churches were built of wood in the rural Gothic style (also known as Carpenter’s Gothic). This architectural type was common for houses and churches in North America in the mid and late 19th century. Structures built in this style adopted Gothic elements such as pointed arches, steep gables and towers and adapted them to American lightweight construction.
Floating church, 1845, New York (x)
On the outside, the church carried a bell and sailing flags flying from its tall steeple. The interior of the church was painted in brownstone and featured magnificent frescoes and a fine pipe organ. The floating Church of the Redeemer in Philadelphia, for example, was considered one of the finest chapels and became so famous in the English-speaking world that a model of it was exhibited in the American section of the London World’s Fair of 1851. The ship was unpowered, it must usually have remained at its berth in each port, but it may also have been pushed and pulled along the river by early steam tugs (with paddle wheels). In this way, the floating place of worship became a familiar place for the people who lived along the rivers and harbours.
Seaman’s floating church “Church of our Saviour" at the foot of Pike Street (x)
Many of these churches were a typical sight in the ports until the early 20th century. However, the high instant maintenance costs of the churches made them increasingly difficult to maintain and many of them were abandoned or not rebuilt after a fire. The last church ceased its service in 1910.



