less wrong

it is late and my hands are empty and my heart is too full. i spill over at the edges just thinking of you.
—  r.i.d
Transcription of “history of japan”

welcome to my night, where i basically sat down for a whole hour typing this entire thing down. wtf am i even doing. 

———

Japan is an island by the sea, filled with volcanos and its 

♪ beautiful 

In the year negative a billion; Japan might not have been here.

In the year negative forty thousand; it was here and you could walk to it, and some people walked to it.
Then it got warmer some icebergs melted and it became an island, and now theres lots of 

♪ trees ♪

because its warmer. 

So now there’s people on the island that’s basically just hanging out in between the mountains, eating nuts off trees and using the latest technology like 

stones and bowls.

Ding dong ♪

It’s the outside world and they have technology from the future like, really good metal and crazy rice farms. 

Now you can make a lot of rice, really, really quickly. 

That means if you own a farm

you own a lot of food,

which is something everybody needs to 

SURVIVE. 

So that makes you king. 

Rice farming and rice kingdoms spread across the land all the way to here.

The most important kingdoms were,

  • here
  • here
  • here
  • here
  • here, 
  • here 
  • and here.

But this one was the most, most important.

Ruled by a heavenly superperson 

or Emperor for short. 

knock knock.  

get the door,  its 

♪ religion

The new prince wants everyone to try this hot new religion from

Baekje.

Please try this religion.” he said. 

No” said everybody.

♪ Try it ♪”  he said.

“No” said everybody again, quieter this time. 

And so, the religion was put into place and all the rules that came with it. 

Then the government was taken over by another clique and they made some reforms like,

  • making the Government govern more. 
  • And making the Government more like China’s Government, which is a Government that governs more. 

“Hi China.” they said.

”Hi dipshit.” said China.

can you call us something else other than dipshit?” said Japan. 

Like what?” said China.

♪How about sunrise land ♪” said Japan. 

And they stole China’s alphabet and wrote a book. 

‘bout themselves. 

And then they made lots of poetry and art and another book about themselves.

Then they stopped moving the capital every time the emperor died and kept it in one place for awhile. 

~right here~

and they conquered the north, finally. 

Get that squared away.

A rich hipster named Kukai is bored with modern buddhism, visits China and learns a better version which is more  

♪Spiritual

comes back, reinvents the alphabet and causes art and literature to be  

♪great

for a long time.  

And the royal palace turned into such a dream world of art that they really didn’t give a shit about running the country.  

So if you lived outside the palace how are you supposed to protect your shit, from criminals

♪ h i r e   a   s a m u r a i  ♪

Everyone started hiring Samurai. 

  • rich, important people hired samurai.
  • poor people who could not afford to hire samurai did not hire samurai

The samurai became organised and powerful. 

More powerful than the government. 

So they made their own military government 

~here~ 

They let the “Emperor” still be “Emperor” but the Shogun is actually in control. 

Breaking news! 

The Mongols have invaded China!

We’ve invaded China.” said the Mongols. “Please respect us or else we might invade you as well.

okay.” said Japan. 

So the Mongols came over, ready for war and– 

died in a tornado(typhoon). 

But they tried again, and had a nice time fighting with the Japanese but then– 

died in a tornado(typhoon). 

Then the Emperor overthrows the Shogunate and Shogunate overthrows them back and moves to Kyoto and makes a new Shogunate. 

And the “Emperor” can still dress like an Emperor if he wants. 

That’s fine. 

♪ now there’s more art  

  • like painting with less colours 
  • collaborative poetry
  • plays
  • monkey fun
  • tea parties 
  • gardening 
  • architecture
  • FLOWERS.

its time for– 

~who’s going to be the next shogun?~

Usually its the Shogun’s kid.
But the Shogun doesn’t have a kid so he tries to get his brother to quit being a Monk and be the next Shogun.  

He says “ok"

But then shogun has a kid. 

So now who’s it gonna be?

~vote now on your phones!~

And everyone voted so hard that the palace caught on fire and burned down. 

The Shogun actually didn’t care

he was off somewhere doing poetry. 

And the whole country broke into pieces.
Everyone is fighting with each other for local power and 

its anybody’s game.

knock knock. 

its Europe. 

No, they’re not here to take over (yet)
They just wanna sell some shit, like clocks and guns

and ♪ Jesus

so thats cool.  

but everyone’s still fighting each other for control. 

~now with guns~

and wouldn’t it be nice to control the capital?  
Which right now is puppets with no one controlling them

This clan is ready to make a run for it.
But first, they have to trample this smaller clan which is in the way.  

~surprise~

smaller clan wins and the leader of that clan steals the idea of invading the capital and invades the capital and it goes very well.  

He’s about halfway through conquering Japan when someone who works for him, kills him and then someone else who works for him, kills them 

and that guy finishes conquering Japan.  

and then he confiscated everybody’s swords, and made some rules.  

“and now I’m going to invade Korea, and then hopefully China” 

he said and failed and also died.  

But before he died he told these five guys to take care of his five year old son until he’s old enough to be the next ruler of japan

And the five guys said,  

“yeah, right. its not gonna be this kid, its gonna be one of us, cuz we’re grown ups.“ 

And it’s probably gonna be this guy who happens to be way more rich and powerful than the others. 

A lot of people support him but a lot of people support not supporting him. They have a fight, and he wins and starts a new Government

right here. 

♪ Edo

and he still lets the Emperor dress like an “Emperor” and have very nice things. But don’t get confused, this is the new government and they’re very strict. 

So strict they closed the country

No one can leave and no one can come in

Except for the dutch because they wanna buy and sell shit but they have to do it right here

Now that the entire country is not at war with itself,
the population increased a lot. 

  • business increased 
  • schools were built
  • roads were built 
  • everyone learnt to read
  • books were published 
  • there was poetry
  • plays
  • sexy times
  • puppet shows 

and dutch studies.

People started to study European science from books they bought from the Dutch

we’re talking– 

  • geography, 
  • skeletons, 
  • physics, 
  • chemistry, 
  • astronomy,  
  • and maybe even electricity. 

Over time the economic and cultural prosperity began to gradually slow do–

knock knock. 

its the united states.
with huge boats with guns, 

gunboats. 

“open the country. Stop having it be closed.”
said the United States. 

Theres really nothing they could do so they signed a contract that lets United States, Britain and Russia visit Japan anytime they want. 

Chōshū and Satsuma hated this. 

“that sucks.” they said. 

“this sucks!!!!” 

And with almost very little outside help, they overthrew the shogunate and somehow made the emperor the emperor again and moved him to Edo which they renamed, Eastern Capital

they made a new government which was a lot more western. 

they made a new constitution that was pretty western. 

and a military that was pretty western. 

And did you know what else was western?
Thats right, its conquering stuff. 

So what can we conquer?
Korea, they conquered Korea. 

Taking it from its previous owner, China.
and then go a little bit further and Russia rushes in out of nowhere and says, 

“stop, no, you can’t take that.
We were gonna build a railroad through here to try to get some warm water.” 

and Russia builds their railroad supervised by a shit ton of soldiers. 

and then when the railroad was done they downgraded to a fuck ton. 

Did i say downgrade?

I meant upgrade. 

And Japan says, 

“can you maybe chill?”

and russia says, 

“How About Maybe You Chill?” 

Japan is kinda scared of Russia.
You’ll never guess who’s also kinda scared of Russia. 

Great Britain. 

So Japan and Great Britain make an alliance together so they can be 

a little less scared of Russia. 

Feeling confident, Japan goes to war against Russia.
Just for a moment.
and then they both get tired and stop. 

♪ it’s time for World War 1 

The World is about to -Have A War-

Because its the nineteen hundreds and weapons are getting crazy.
and all these Empires are excited to try them out on each other. 

Meanwhile Japan has been enjoying conquering stuff and wants– 

more. 

and the next thing on their list is this part of China and lots of tiny islands

And all of that stuff belongs to Germany which just had war declared on by Britain because Britain is friends with Belgium which is being trespassed by Germany in order to get to France to kick France’s ass because France is friends with Russia who is getting ready to kick Austria’s ass because Austria is getting ready to kick Serbia’s ass because someone from Serbia shot the leader of Austria’s ass or– 

actually shot on the head. 

and Britain is currently friends with Japan so you know what that means. 

Duh, ♪ Japan should take the islands 

which they wanted to do anyway. 

So they called Britain on the tele(gram) to sort of let them know.
and then they did it, and they also helped Britain a little here and there with some errands and stuff. 

Now the war is over. 

Congratulations japan!

You technically fought in the war, which means you get to sit at the negotiating table with the big dudes where they decided who owns what. 

And yes, Japan gets to keep all that shit they stole from Germany, you also get to join the, Post-War Mega alliance– 

♪ the League of Nations 

Whose mission statement is to try not to take over the world. 

The great depression is bad and Japan’s economy is now crappy.  
But the military is doing just fine and it invades Manchuria and the league of nation’s just like– 

“No don’t do that, if you’re in the league of nations you’re not supposed to take over the world.”  

and Japan said “♪ How bout I do anyway? ” 

And Japan invaded more and more and more and, more of China.  

and was planning to invade the entire east!

~You got mail~

Its from Germany.
the new leader of Germany,
he has a cool moustache
and he’s trying to take over the world

and needs friends. 

This also got forwarded to Italy, 

they all decided to be friends because they had so much in common. 

♪ it’s time for World War 2 

Germany is invading the neighbours.
Then they invade the neighbour’s neighbours.
Then the neighbour’s neighbour’s neighbours who happened to be Britain said, “holy shiit”
and United States started helping Britain because they are  

♪ good friends 

and started not helping Japan because  

♪ their friends and our friends are not friends 

plus they’re planning on invading the entire ocean 

The united states is also working on a large very huge bomb.

bigger than any other bomb, ever™.  

Just in case.  

But they still haven’t joined the war.  
War looks bad on TV and united states has really started to care about their image. 

But then Japan spits on them in Hawaii,

and challenges them to war. 

and they say yes, and then Germany

as a symbol of friendship, 

declares war on the United States also.  

So the United States goes to war in Europe.
and they help the gang chase Germany back into Germany.  
and they also start chasing Japan back into Japan.
And they haven’t used the bomb yet and are curious to see if it works.  

So they dropped it on japan.  

they actually dropped two. 

United States installed a new Government, inspired by the United States Government.  
with just the right ingredients for a 

♪ post-war economic miracle 

And Japan starts making  

  • TVs  
  • VCRs
  • automobiles 
  • and camcorders 

as fast as they can and also better than everybody else.

they get rich and the economy goes wild and then the miracle wears off.

But everything’s still pretty cool i guess. 

♪ bye 

——–

i did it. Thank you Bill Wurtz for this wonderful masterpiece. 

BECAUSE–

also p.s.: i sincerely apologise if someone has already made a whole transcript of this. pls u can hire a samurai against me if u wan 2 ;A;

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Reaper!Sans, handmade ball-jointed doll, height 6.3 inches
Reapertale AU by @renrink 

jade gets an orchard. everything is right in the world

On arguments--and how to win them



I have plenty of experience with arguments. Maybe it has something to do with obsessing over Mock Trial. More likely it has something to do with being a sister.

Whatever the reason, arguments are something I enjoy. There is something pure about feeling my face heat up until it’s emitting UV radiation from frustration. I’m also competitive by nature, so it’s just *fun* to pick apart and demolish people’s arguments if I can. I’m also obscenely happy whenever I win a case in the courtroom.

But the real world doesn’t work like a courtroom, and often arguing is about the worst thing you can do when you differ in opinion with someone. Not everyone will believe you’re right just because you have the best evidence. Nor will they agree with you because you argue well and critique their beliefs flawlessly. In fact, if you do that they’ll often just think you’re an ass and their opinions won’t change one iota. Debate is about the most ineffective way of resolving disagreements in the real world–remember the Creationism debate between Ken Ham and Bill Nye? It dragged on and on, yet only confirmed the beliefs the attendees already had.

Laying down a line of social retreat is one of the most important things you can do if you’re trying to change someone’s mind on a topic. (Read Less Wrong’s “How Not To Lose an Argument”). This means you have to allow someone to be wrong without having lost, without being stupid, and without being a bad person. When people don’t have a line of social retreat, opposition to their viewpoint will cause them to cling harder to their beliefs. They will reject what you say out of hand, it’s just human nature.

So what is a line of social retreat? Less Wrong used Sun Tzu’s The Art of War to illustrate this idea. One of Tzu’s strategies for winning a fight was to allow the enemy to retreat. He saw that without an escape route,the enemy would fight with more fervor, causing more damage to his own armies. Yet, eliminating lines of retreat for his own army encouraged his warriors to fight more effectively.

Let’s look at some examples. My Seminary class examined how Nephite believers purportedly behaved around the time of Christ’s birth. Samuel the Lamanite had promised them five or six years earlier that there would be a sign when Christ was born. The non-believers mocked these Nephites, and said that the time for the sign had already passed. The believers were just being stupid and wasting their time–Christ would not be born.

“What would you have done, if they were mocking you? Would you have felt tempted to fall away from the faith?” my teacher asked.

“No, I would have believed more than ever,” I said. I wasn’t being sarcastic, either. I remembered the Seekers Cult of 1956. Even after the date for their apocalypse passed, the member of the cult clung to their beliefs. They altered the date and hung on, because they couldn’t bear to think that they had sold all their possessions, lost their jobs and devoted their lives to a hoax. In other words, they had no social line of retreat. If they were wrong, they were stupid, so they couldn’t be wrong.

I don’t want to draw any false equivalencies with supposed Nephite groups and cults. Still, a popular conception in the LDS church is that these particular Nephites felt pressured to conform, and were demonstrating great faith by continuing to wait for the sign. In reality these “pressures” were doomed to be counterproductive. The Nephites already had a social group which agreed with their views, so they felt less pressure to conform. Besides that, the mocking of the non believers eliminated the social line of retreat of those Nephites. If they didn’t believe, they were not only wrong, but also stupid, and had wasted their time for several years. Of course they clung to their beliefs.

Now, I’ll use a more personal (and still LDS, sorry) example. It’s terrifying for me to think of leaving the Church because I have no social line of retreat. If I leave, I lose the approval and respect of my family and friends. If I leave I have wasted 17 years of my life. And if leaving is the wrong decision? Then I suffer in the afterlife. Doesn’t it sound more appealing to stay, considering the circumstances? Other communities, such as the Amish, have even more severe consequences for disagreement.

Even Christ had a bad habit of eliminating social lines of retreat to hold on to his followers. To paraphrase, he said “You are either with me or against me. If you are lukewarm, I spit you out of my mouth.” Not a lot of wriggle room in that statement.

So what does this mean? When you want to change someone’s mind, you need to give them a social line of retreat, allowing them to be wrong, yet not humiliated. Otherwise, they’ll fight you like a cornered rat on PCP, and you won’t change their opinion no matter how superior your points are. If you want to prevent people from changing their minds when they already agree with you, eliminate their social lines of retreat. Once the thought of being wrong becomes unbearable, someone’s opinions on a topic are unlikely to change.

Rationalist Masterlist

This post is an attempt to list all the aspiring rationalists on tumblr.

If you want to be on the list and are not on it ask me in my askbox or reblog this list saying that you want to be on it. If you just reblog it I won’t put you on the list.

You do not need to post any rationality-related content to be on this list. You don’t need to visit Less Wrong or be able to quote Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality. If you identify as an aspiring rationalist, like the Sequences, HPMOR, Three Worlds Collide, the Sword of Good, Luminosity… or just want to hang out with the weird, eclectic group that aspiring rationalists make up you are welcome.

If you are on the list and don’t want to be on the list, either tell me through an ask or by reblogging this post and saying so.

I would like to thank Ozy for originally making the list. This list is a continuation of zir list.

Keep reading

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Priorities

10 minutes in to CNN’s “The lead with Jake Tapper”, which “Covers the biggest headlines of the day” and they still haven’t talked about Peshawar. Neither has MSNBC’s NOW with Alex Wagner. On that show they literally spent 10 minutes talking about Jeb Bush, before showing a clip of an empty podium and saying they were waiting for a press conference in New York related to that marine who killed six people.

And finally just before commercial break, a half-hearted pitch about “A massacre in Pakistan and what it means for the war on terror”. Like the amount of fucks the mainstream media fails to give about black and brown people is astounding, over 100 children were literally murdered and this isn’t the top news story on all outlets??? Media bias runs deep.

Straw Vulcanism is bunk - there’s no logical proof that enjoying music is wrong, and there are plenty of logical arguments that if something makes you happy, you should do it. If I had to guess where the trope came from, it would be that scientists and logical people tend to seem unreasonably interested in things that can be quantified - like joules of energy, grams of sodium, billions of dollars of debt, and number of shoes produced per worker - but only because these are easy to analyze. But moving from ‘these things are easiest to analyze’ to 'and therefore analytical people will loathe everything else’ makes about as much sense as expecting geometers to denounce everything not perfectly spherical, or physicists to hatch a plot to expel Earth’s atmosphere into space and eliminate air resistance.