Hellenic Gods Fact Sheets and Hymns: Apollo
Apollo
Other Names: Phoebus
Epithets: Phoibos (the bright), Argyrotoxos (of the silver bow), Thearius (of the oracle), Loimios (deliverer from plague), Hekatos (worker from afar, i.e. sniper), Lukeios (either “wolf-slayer” or “giver of light”), Paean (healer), Akesios (healing), Iatros (doctor), Agraeus (the hunter), Boedromios (rescuer), Alexikakos (averter of evil), Agyieus (protector of streets/public places), Khrysaor (he of the golden sword), Kitharodos (singer to the lyre), Delios (of Delos), Daphnaeus (of the laurel), Intonsus (of long hair, used for Dionysus as well, indicating their youth), Delphinios (of the dolphins), Musagetes (leader of the Muses), Epicurious (helping, ally), Nomios (pastoral), Lykios (of the wolves), Leukatas (of the light), Aigletes (radiant), Iatromantis (prophet), Manticus (prophetic), Loxias (~speaker [for Zeus]).
Domains: Light, music and song, poetry, prophecy and divination, logic and reason, truth, healing and disease, medicine, averting evil, punishing the wicked, archery, herding, civilization, building cities and fortification, ritual purification, young men, youth, the sun.
Appearance: A tall and strong young man with a beautiful and youthful face, tanned skin, long golden hair, and shining eyes. He is literally bright, glowing with a golden aura. In a word, Apollo is splendid.
Sacred Days and Festivals: Pyanopsia (7 Pynopsion). Thargelia (Apollo and Artemis’ shared birthday, 6-7 Thargelion). Karneia (1 Boedromion). Boedromia (7 Boedromion). Delphinia (6 Mounuchion). Skira (5 Skirophorion). Pythian/Delphic Games (celebrating Apollo’s slaying of Python, held in August every four years, alternating with the Olympics). The seventh day of each month (his birthday).
Symbols/Attributes: Lyre, bow and arrows, tripod, laurel wreath.
Sacred Animals: Raven, swan, dolphin, wolf, mouse.
Sacred Plants: Laurel, larkspur, cypress, poplar, hyacinth, rush, anise, palm, sunflower, aloe, citrus.
Elemental Affinity: Light
Planet: Sun
Colors: Gold, yellow, orange, white.
Crystals: Sunstone, citrine, amber, carnelian, yellow topaz, yellow sapphire, clear quartz, tiger’s eye, calcite.
Incense: Frankincense and myrrh, cypress, clove, cinnamon, bay.
Tarot Cards: The Sun, The Star, Judgement, Knight of Wands.
Retinue: The Muses, Asklepios, Aristaios, Orpheus.
Associated People: Poets, musicians, oracles, doctors and medics of all kinds, architects, young men.
Offerings: Sun water, olive oil, milk, honey, gold, songs and poems, feathers, bay leaves, donations to disease research and hospitals.
Syncretized With: Helios, Belenus, Lugh, Maponos, Horus, Mithras.
Hymns to Apollo
Homeric Hymn 21 to Apollo
Phoebus, of you even the swan sings
With clear voice to the beating of his wings,
As he alights upon the bank by the eddying river Peneus;
And of you the sweet-tongued minstrel,
Holding his high-pitched lyre,
Always sings both first and last.
And so hail to you, lord!
I seek your favor with my song.
Homeric Hymn to the Muses and Apollo
I will begin with the Muses and Apollo and Zeus
For it is through the Muses and Apollo
That there are singers upon the earth
And players upon the lyre;
But kings are from Zeus.
Happy is he whom the Muses love:
Sweet flows speech from his lips.
Hail, children of Zeus!
Give honour to my song!
And now I will remember you in another song also.
Second Delphic Hymn to Apollo
Oh, come now, Muses,
And go to the craggy place
Upon the far-seen, twin-peaked Parnassus,
Celebrated and dear to us, Pierian maidens.
Repose on the snow-clad mountain top;
Celebrate the Pythian Lord
With the golden sword, Phoebus,
Whom Leto bore unassisted.
On the Delian rock surrounded by silvery olives,
The luxuriant plant
Which the Goddess Pallas
Long ago brought forth.
(Translation by Richard Hooker)
Blest Healer [Paean], come, propitious to my pray’r,
Illustrious pow’r, whom Memphian tribes revere,
Slayer of Tityus, and the god of health,
Lycorian Phoebus, fruitful source of wealth.
Spermatic, golden-lyr’d, the field from thee
Receives its constant, rich fertility.
Titanic, Grunian, Smynthian, thee I sing,
Python-destroying, hallow’d, Delphian king.
Wild, light-bearer, and the Muses’ head,
Noble and lovely, arm’d with arrows dread
Far-darting, Bacchian, holy and divine,
Pow’r far diffused, and course oblique is thine.
O, Delian King, whose light-producing eye
Views all within, and all beneath the sky:
Whose locks are gold, whose oracles are sure,
Who, omens good reveal’st, and precepts pure:
Hear me entreating for the human kind,
Hear, and be present with benignant mind;
For thous survey’st this boundless aether all,
And ev’ry part of this terrestrial ball
Abundant, blessed; and thy piercing sight,
Extends beneath the gloomy, silent night;
Beyond the darkness, starry-ey’d, profound,
The stable roots, deep fix’d by thee are found.
The world’s wide bounds, all-flourishing are thine,
Thyself all the source and end divine:
‘Tis thine all Nature’s music to inspire,
With various-sounding, harmonizing lyre;
Now the last string thou turn’st to sweet accord,
Divinely warbling now the highest chord;
The immortal golden lyre, now touched by thee,
Responsive yields a Dorian melody.
All Nature’s tribes to thee their diff’rence owe,
And changing seasons from thy music flow.
Hence, mix’d by thee in equal parts, advance
Summer and Winter in alternate dance;
This claims the highest, that the lowest string,
The Dorian measure tunes the lovely spring.
Hear me, blest pow’r, and in these rites rejoice,
And save thy mystics with a suppliant voice.
Callimachus’ Hymn to Apollo (first two stanzas)
How Apollo’s laurel sapling shakes!
How the whole temple shakes! Away, away with the wicked!
It must be Phoebus kicking at the door with his fair foot
Do you not see? The Delian palm nods gently,
All of a sudden; the swan sings beautifully in the air.
Bolts of the doors, thrust yourselves back.
Keys–open the doors! For the god is no longer far away.
So, young men, prepare yourselves for singing and dancing.
Apollo appears not to all, only to the good.
He who sees him is great; who does not is lowly.
We will see you, Worker from Afar, and we will never be lowly.
Let the cithara not be silent.
Nor your step noiseless with Apollo approaching, you children,
If you intend to complete the marriage vows and to cut your hair,
And if the wall is to stand on its aging foundations.
Well done the youths; the strings are no longer at rest.
(Translation from neosalexandria.org)
Hymn from PGM III 167-262
I sing of you, O blessed one, O healer,
Giver of oracles, / O all-wise one,
O Delian [lord and Python-]slaying [youth],
Dodona’s [king, fortell,] O Pythian Paian;
I call you, [god who rule the tuneful lyre],
Which you [alone] of gods [do hold and strike]
[With sturdy hands] … [lord of the silver bow].
[O well]-named Phoibos
Disclaimers: Descriptions of the gods’ appearances are purely a record of how I personally see them. Gods are shapeshifters that can appear however they wish, and will be perceived differently by different people. My own perceptions of them may or may not match ancient artwork.
Correspondences listed are mostly modern.
Festival dates are based on the Attic calendar.
Offerings listed are all specific to the deity in addition to standard ones.
Translations of hymns are from Theoi unless otherwise specified. PGM translations are from Hans Betz.