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Active and Passive Transport - Biology

Things to know when going into this subject:

• The Cell Membrane is a semi-permeable band that holds the cell together and lets only certain needed nutrients into, and  out of the cell. In other words, it’s indecisive.
• That membrane is constantly letting things in and out

Passive Transport - requires no energy

• Simple diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion

Simple Diffusion

1. Movement from high concentration to low concentration
2. Spontainious

Osmosis

1. Movement of water from a higher concentration to a lower consentration

Facilitated diffusion

1. Use of protein molecules to help large molecules pass

Isotonic - has an equal concentration of solute.

Hyper-tonic - has a higher solute concentration than hypo-tonic

Hypo-tonic - has a lower concentration of solute than hyper-tonic

Lysed - to rupture/burst.

Active Transport - requires energy to transfer a molecule across the membrane

• Proton (Ion) Pump
• Endocytosis (Phagocytosis)
• Endocytosis (Pinocytosis)
• Exocytosis
• Na+ - K+ Pump

Ion Pumps

1. Special carriers to move large molecules against concentration gradient

Endocytosis

1. 2 types - Phago and Pino
2. Phago - solid
3. Pino - liquid
4. Bulk transport of material into the cell

Exocytosis

1. Moving large amount of material out of the way

ATP: Energy that helps transfer things in and out of the membrane, reproduction, and protein synthesis. It reacts with compounds in order to create this energy.