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Cave Story

Learning Linux.

Before you’ve mastered it:

image

After you’ve mastered it:

image

You are the One.

What is Linux's equivalent of C:\Program Files ?

(also known as C:\progra~1 in older Windowses)

Short answer: /bin or /usr/bin.

Longer answer: It depends on the distro (Ubuntu, Slack, Arch, Mint, Puppy, etc) and on what kind of program. You could think of these directories as decreasing from user land toward the bare-metal computer level. (Roughly / sort-of / not exactly.)

  • /opt/ (programs you download)
  • /bin/ (netstat, uname, wc, zcat, rm, rmdir, gzip, head, tail, last, ln, ls, kill, gawk, sleep, sort, tar, touch, vi, cat, chmod, sh, bzip2, bash, dmesg)
  • /usr/bin/ (lpr, xsane, zipgrep, xrandr, xsane, less, leafpad, ldd, xinit, dpkg, ssh, sudo, sftp, dvipdf, evince)
  • /usr/sbin/ (gtkdialog, parted, wpa_supplicant, ethtool, nscd, grub, dhcpd, httpd, cupsd, alsaconf)
  • /sbin/ ( fsck, fdisk, mount, swapon, ifup, sysctl, lspci)

You should preferably store programs you download in:

  • /opt/.

(for optional) and add /opt/ or /opt/bin/ to your $PATH with

  • echo $PATH
  • export PATH=$PATH:/opt
  • echo $PATH

(if that gives you an error you may need to give yourself access with chown or chmod. For example chown isomorphismes /opt/ or chmod -R a+rw /opt/.

If you want to find where some command or program you use is located, use which.

# which ls
/bin/ls

# which grep
/bin/grep

# which top
/usr/bin/top

# which java
/usr/bin/java

# which ghci

# which ruby
/usr/bin/ruby

# which python
/usr/bin/python

# which perl
/usr/bin/perl

# which jwm
/usr/bin/jwm

# which awesomewm

# which xinit
/usr/bin/xinit

# which latex
/usr/bin/latex

# which pdflatex
/usr/bin/pdflatex

# which dvips
/usr/bin/dvips

# which sage

# which ack-grep
/usr/bin/ack-grep

# which ack

# which gdb
/usr/bin/gdb

# which epdfview
/usr/bin/epdfiew

# which dpaste
/opt/dpaste

# which lein
/opt/lein

# which less
/usr/bin/less

Howto Crack Zip Files Password in Linux

debianadmin.com

needed and made good use of this today.

“Que las empresas tengan especial influencia en la política significa que la democracia está enferma. El propósito de la democracia es asegurarse de que los ricos no tengan una influencia proporcional a su riqueza. Y si tienen más influencia que tú o que yo, eso significa que la democracia está fallando. Las leyes que obtienen de esta forma no tienen autoridad moral, sino la capacidad de hacer daño.”

—

Cracking WPA Wi-fi Passwords

WPA or WPA2 Passwords can be cracked with a program called Reaver that will systematically check (brute-force) the Wi-fi Protected Setup (WPS) PINs for a known weakness (pdf).

Get reaver here.

And a slap-in-the-face easy howto by lifehacker here.

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