“In the classes I teach there is always a student who announces that photographs lie. "They do?" I ask. "When was the last time one lied to you?" The answer always turns out to be that the caption was wrong or an advertising slogan was not to be believed or the scene recorded ran counter to the viewer's expectations. No one has yet remembered a photograph lying on its own, but I remember the last time I was lied to by a human who looked me in the eye and told me something we both knew was not true.”