Fukushima Daiichi's Robot Operator Blogs!
spectrum.ieee.org![]()
An anonymous robot operator at the clean up site is running a blog on the situation. The bastards at Tepco, who i hate with passion, have been all but transparent on the situation. Very interesting to get a glimpse of situation through their eyes. IEEE has exclusive on the situation.
USB to Parallel IEEE 1284 Printer Adapter Cable PC
electronicsreviewstoday.comArticle by Electronics Reviews at 2011-10-05 17:55:07
Categorized in Audio & Video Accessories,
IEEE explains the future of robotic applications
onlywire.comArticle by at 2011-06-12 14:51:38
Categorized in Tech & Gadgets,
Standards: The Jedi Force Behind the Internet of Things
By the end of this year, we will start to see people walk around with glasses that give an augmented view of reality; stare at their watches to read emails and wear headbands that control apps with a simple thought from our brain.

The Connected Revolution is here and 2013 is definitely shaping up to be the start of what is being coined the Internet of Things (IoT). New devices like Google Glass, Pebble, the iWatch and even the brainwave headband, Muse, are all expected to be available for purchase by the end of this year and this is all just the beginning. It is predicted that 50 to 100 billion things will be electronically connected by 2020.
While all this new technology coming to the market is exciting, one powerful ingredient is absolutely necessary for it all to work and thrive – Standards.
Standards are like an unseen force - something you never think of when it comes to functional technology but absolutely critical in making it all work. Email, HTTPS, USB and WIFI are all products of standards and of course we wouldn’t be able to live without any of these today.
I recently had the fantastic opportunity to sit down and talk with the Karen Bartleson, President of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association or the I-triple-E (IEEE-SA) on the important role standards play in this key time of our technological evolution.
Bartleson likened standards to “connective tissue” that is necessary to support and connect innovation and technology. Without standards, there would be no common platform from which providers could innovate and create upon. This would ultimately impact the widespread adoption of ideas and concepts necessary for technology to succeed on a global scale.
To build these standards, the IEEE organization often employ the use of an open paradigm they call Open Stand. This approach is essential to pace the speed of which standards are adopted with the fast pace of innovation – thus making it more market driven. The method uses the consensus of the IEEE membership requiring a majority agreement of 75% rather than the more national approach that leans on approvals from regulatory bodies such as the government.
As interconnectivity is a the core of the Internet of Things, IEEE is holding a workshop dedicated to identifying collaboration opportunities and standardization gaps specific in China on April 12, 2012 with the hopes to help the industry foster the growth of IoT in the market.
As well, according to Bartleson, IEEE-SA is currently working on a number of standards related to the Internet of Things including:
- Network standards
- Sensors
- Medical Devices
- Smart Home / Smart Grid
- Smart Highways
- Self driving cars
As we start to see more and more connected things integrate into our daily lives, we will know that the necessary standards to let our fridge talk to our phone; or our car drive us to work, have been put in place to make it all work. So when you strap on your iWatch or put on your Google Glasses – take a moment to say a silent thank you to IEEE-SA for helping to make it all happen.
By Tom Emrich
Antec Titan 650 ExtendATX Server Case (Black)
onlywire.comArticle by at 2011-06-18 04:53:16
Categorized in Uncategorized,
Hybrid Memory Cube

Según parece IBM tiene el propósito de lanzarlo cuanto antes, y es que las ventajas son enormes. Por un lado la velocidad de transferencia pasa a ser de 128 GB/s, el tamaño necesario para su construcción es del orden de un 90% memos que los actuales, pero es que además consume un 70% menos.
Todo parecen ser ventajas, la única pregunta es cuando, suponemos que hasta 2013 o 2014 no lo tendremos en nuestros ordenadores, y quizás un poco después para los smartphones y tableta. Aun así, es mucho antes de lo esperado, ya que parecía una tecnología en pañales, pero ya vemos que no es así.
802.11: Conceitos
INTRODUÇÃO
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802.11 ou também conhecido como Wi-Fi (que pode ser considerado seu nome comercial, é a abreviatura do termo inglês “Wireless Fidelity”) é o conjunto de normas/especificações para redes sem fio locais (WLANs - Wireless Local Area Network) mantidas pela IEEE. Sendo 802.11r de 15 de julho de 2008 sua versão mais recente.
Mesmo sendo mais lenta que as tecnologias de redes cabeadas existentes tem se tornado cada vez mais popular devido sua praticidade e comodidade. Pois permite a comunicação entre diversos dispositivos (PCs, notebooks, celulares, impressoras, etc.) sem a necessidade de um cabo, evitando por exemplo: furos ou conduites em paredes para passagens de cabos de rede em escritórios ou mesmo casas, a necessidade de ter sempre a mão um cabo para conectar seu notebook ou smartphone a rede de um cliente ou amigo, entre outros.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Instituto de Engenheiros Eletricistas e Eletrônicos é uma organização sem fins lucrativos criada nos estados unidos em 1963 cujo principal objetivo é promover tecnologias, atuando em diversas áreas. A família 802 é onde encontramos as normas para redes locais e redes de área metropolitana.
Wi-Fi Alliance
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Organização sem fins lucrativos criada em 1999 pelas industrias lideres na area, que tem como objetivo incentivar a adoção de um padrão único para redes wireless e seus dispositivos. Presente hoje em mais de 20 países e com mais de 300 membros.
ARQUITETURA
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- Uma que é conposta por um Access Point, ou Ponto de Acesso, responsável pela transmissão de dados e controle se acesso a rede, também conhecido como estação-base. (figura1a)
- Uma no formato Ad-hoc, que nada mais redes que não possuem um Access Point, o controle e acesso aos dispositivos da rede são feita pelos próprios dispositivos, sem a necessidade de um dispositivo unicamente dedicado ao controle da rede. (figura1b)
- De 902 MHz a 928 MHz;
- De 2,4 GHz a 2,485 GHz
- De 5,15 GHz a 5,825 GHz
Independent Basic Service Sets (IBSS)
IBSS consiste em um grupo de estações comunicando-se diretamente uma com as outras. Redes também conhecidas como ad-hoc (peer-to-peer ou ponto-a-ponto).
Basic Service Sets (BSS)
BSS é um grupo de estações comunicando-se entre sí através de um ponto comum de conexão, o Access Point-AP (Ponto de Acesso-PA). Nenhuma estação conversa entre sí sem antes passar pelo PA.
Extended Service Sets (ESS)
Múltiplas infra-estruturas de BSS podem ser conectadas através de suas interfaces de uplink e por sua vez está conectado no Distribution System - DS (Centro de Distribuição - CD). Várias BSS interconectadas via DS são denominadas ESSs.
Distributed System (DS)
Consiste em um backbone cabeado que conecta 2 ou mais Extended Service Sets (ESS).
TECNOLOGIAS
- IEEE 802.11a
- Velocidade máxima de 54 Mbps
- Freqüência de 5 GHz
- Suporta 64 utilizadores por Access Points (AP)
- Incompatível com Access Points dos padrões b e g, mas compatível com clientes b e g
- Possui Baixa interferência durante a transmissão de sinais
- IEEE 802.11b
- Velocidade máxima de 11 Mbps
- Freqüência de 2.4 GHz
- Possui alta interferência durante a transmissão de sinais
- IEEE 802.11g
- Velocidade máxima de 54 Mbps
- Freqüências de 2.4 GHz
- Compativel com IEEE802.11b
- Usa Autenticacao WEP e WAP
- IEEE 802.11d
- IEEE 802.11e
- IEEE 802.11f
- IEEE 802.11h
- IEEE 802.11i
- IEEE 802.11j
- IEEE 802.11k
- IEEE 802.11m
- IEEE 802.11n
- IEEE 802.11p
- IEEE 802.11r
- IEEE 802.11s
- IEEE 802.11t
- IEEE 802.11u
- IEEE 802.11v
- IEEE 802.11x
- IEEE 802.11w
- IEEE 802.11z
CAMADAS E PROTOCOLOS
CAMADA FÍSICA
Como podemos ver na imagem acima a camada fisica do 802.11 é dividida em 5 modos distintos, são eles:
INFRAVERMELHO
Sua velocidade é de 1 Mbps ou 2 Mbps.Possui baixo alcance e é altamente sucetivel a interferencias.
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ou Espectro de Dispersão de Saltos de Freqüências)
Utiliza 79 canais de 1 MHz de largura cada, por onde a informação inrá trafegar, alternando entre canais, o que evita consideravelmente interferencia.
DSSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ou Espectro de Dispersão de Seqüência Direta)
Cada tempo de duração de um bit é subdividido em 11 intervalos curtos, denominados chips. Cada estação tem sua própria seqüência exclusiva de chips. Os chips são transmitidos em paralelo, utilizando freqüências distintas, utilizando canais estacionários de 22 MHz cada..
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multipexing ou Multiplexação Ortogonal por Divisão de Freqüência)
Utilizado para transmitir até 54 Mbps na Banda ISM de 5 GHz. São utilizadas 52 freqüências, sendo 48 para dados e 4 para sincronização. Pode-se usar bandas não contíguas, e apresenta boa imunidade a interferências.
HR-DSSS (High Rate Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ou Espectro de Dispersão de Seqüência Direta de Alta Velocidade)
Possui velocidades de de 1, 2 5,5 e 11 Mbps, com alcance cerca de 7 vezes maior que a OFDM, utilizada para o padrão IEEE 802.1a.
CAMADA DE ENACE DE DADOS
Modos de operação:
- DCF (Distributed Coordination Function ou Função de Coordenação Distribuída) próprio para redes Ad Hoc.
- PCF (Point Coordination Function ou Função de Coordenação de Ponto) para as redes com Access Point (AP).
Collision Avoidance ou CSMA com Abstenção de Colisão) utilizando canais virtuais com controle de fluxo.Para iniciar-se uma transmissao é enviado um RTS (Request to Send) que solicita a permissão paraenviar um quadro, caso a outra estação aceite o pedido será enviado como resposta um quadro CTS (Clear to Send), inicia-se entao a transmissao utilizando ACKs para garantir que dados não sejam perdidos.
PACOTE DE DADOS
- Controle (Frame Control) (possui 11 sub-campos):
- Versão (Version) do protocolo.
- Tipo (Type)
- Sub-tipo (Subtype)
- Para DS (To DS)
- De DS (From DS)
- MF
- Repetir (Retry)
- Gerenciamento de Energia (Pwr)
- Mais (More)
- W
- O
- Duração (Duration)
- Endereços (possui 4 endereços):
- Endereço de Destino (Address 1)
- Endereço de Origem (Address 2)
- Endereço da Estação-base de Destino (Address 3)
- Endereço da Estação-base de Origem (Address 4)
- Seqüência (Seq.)
- Dados (Data)
- FCS (Check-sum)
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Robert Howe named IEEE Fellow
seas.harvard.eduBiorobotics expert honored for contributions to the electrical and information technologies and sciences for the benefit of humanity and the profession
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The IEEE Board of Directors cited Howe’s “contributions to haptic interfaces and robotic manipulation.”
The IEEE Fellowship is one of the most prestigious honors within the IEEE; it is bestowed upon a very limited number of Senior Members who have made outstanding contributions to the electrical and information technologies and sciences for the benefit of humanity and the profession…. [more]
IEEE defines goal 100Gbps of speed of Ethernet of future generation
The person in charge of a IEEE standard seminar shows, Ethernet will develop towards 100Gbps goal with higher speed in the following several years on Wednesday.
American Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) A special seminar made confirmed technical developing direction of Ethernet of future generation last Thursday. 100Gbps Ethernet will be 10 times faster than the speed of most quick 10Gbps Ethernet at present. But the presidents John D’Ambrosia of this seminar say, some manufacturers and representatives of users, such as Laurence national laboratories and cable television operator Comcast Companies in Berkeley, think that it is necessary to develop into the speed of this Ethernet. It will meet enterprises and the operator’s demands at the same time.
Ethernet appeared first 30 years ago, since its speed reach 10Mbps in fashion in enterprise’s LAN. Subsequently, appear speed successively quick fast Ethernet, giga Ethernet and Wan promise Ethernet. Because the Ethernet is all standardized, a lot of manufacturers can compete, the product cost has been reduced gradually too. High-speed Ethernet, always in order to assemble the new life that the flowrate of low speed Ethernet begins them, they are assembled to Ethernet at a high speed later.
D’Ambrosia says, the video, high-performance operation and demanding to network the speed and increasing accordingly to the application demand of the data centre of enterprises. IEEE established this seminar in July, the task is to confirm what kind of speed IEEE should make great efforts to reach in the next standard. At a IEEE meeting held in Dallas last Thursday, 100Gbps speed obtained 75% of the affirmative votes of seminar standardly.
Other speed standards that the seminar considers are 40Gbps, 80Gbps and 120Gbps, but their supporting rate is not high enough. D’Ambrosia says, the seminar, besides meeting the present demand in consideration while determining standard of this speed, have also weighed and finished its time and work capacity used in research.
Before 100Gbps Ethernet is finished studying and gone on the market, IEEE will also sanction setting up a work group to plan how to realize the goal of this speed. D’Ambrosia says, according to the past development experience, the standard 100Gbps Ethernet products may have been can finish studying by the end of 2009 or in the beginning of 2010.
無線LAN標準規格 (IEEE 802.11)
標準規格 IEEE 802.11
下記に代表的なIEEE 802.11諸規格についての特長をまとめました。
IEEE 802.11b
1997年にIEEE 802.11規格が完成した後、2.4GHz帯を使用した高速通信の実現を目的として11bが規格化されました。オリジナルのIEEE 802.11規格をベースにCCK変調方式を採用し、伝送速度はIEEE 802.11規格の1~2Mbpsから11Mbpsに飛躍しました。この伝送速度向上により、家庭での利用が広まり、無線LANが普及しました。
IEEE 802.11a
1997年に、アメリカ連邦通信委員会が5GHz帯の一部(合計300MHzの帯域)を免許不要な無線アクセス用に開放しました。この5GHz帯を使用し、最大54Mbpsの伝送速度を実現した規格が11aです。変調方式はOFDM方式を採用しています。一方、当時の日本では、5GHz帯の利用に関して諸事情により使用チャンネルが限られていましたが、後述の省令改正によってIEEE 802.11aで使用できるチャンネルは国際標準と同様のものに変更されています。
IEEE 802.11g
2.4GHz帯を使用するIEEE 802.11bとの上位互換性を保ちつつ、伝送速度の高速化を目的とし、さらに5GHz帯を使用しているIEEE 802.11aとの上位互換性を図ることを目指して規格化され、最大伝送速度は11aと同様の最大54Mbpsを実現しています。現在普及している一般的な無線アクセスポイント(以降AP)はデュアルモードに対応しており、IEEE 802.11b/g端末が混在するネットワークに対応することが可能です。
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11nは100Mbps以上の更なる高速化をターゲットとした規格であり、2009年現在ではDraftバージョン2.0が公開され、製品化されています。
11n規格は2.4/5GHzの2つの周波数帯を使用でき、最大600Mbpsの伝送速度を実現します。この高速化はMIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)やチャンネルボンディング、フレームアグリゲーションといった複数の技術を組み合わせることにより実現されています。これらの中で最も特長的なMIMOとは、複数のアンテナを同時に使用して1つのデータストリームを分割、多重化して同時に送受信することで単位時間あたりのデータ送受信量を増加させる技術です。 従来のように1本のアンテナだけを使用した場合の伝送速度にくらべて、理論的にはアンテナを増やした分だけ、伝送速度を向上させることができます。現在の11nドラフト規格では最大4データストリームまで規定されており、11n Draft2.0規格対応製品では送受信に使用するアンテナ数によって、「2×2」(送信に2本、受信に2本のアンテナを使用する)や「3×3」(送信に3本、受信に3本)といった形で表示されます。
IEEE defines goal 100Gbps of speed of Ethernet of future generation
The person in charge of a IEEE standard seminar shows, Ethernet will develop towards 100Gbps goal with higher speed in the following several years on Wednesday.
American Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) A special seminar made confirmed technical developing direction of Ethernet of future generation last Thursday. 100Gbps Ethernet will be 10 times faster than the speed of most quick 10Gbps Ethernet at present. But the presidents John D’Ambrosia of this seminar say, some manufacturers and representatives of users, such as Laurence national laboratories and cable television operator Comcast Companies in Berkeley, think that it is necessary to develop into the speed of this Ethernet. It will meet enterprises and the operator’s demands at the same time.
Ethernet appeared first 30 years ago, since its speed reach 10Mbps in fashion in enterprise’s LAN. Subsequently, appear speed successively quick fast Ethernet, giga Ethernet and Wan promise Ethernet. Because the Ethernet is all standardized, a lot of manufacturers can compete, the product cost has been reduced gradually too. High-speed Ethernet, always in order to assemble the new life that the flowrate of low speed Ethernet begins them, they are assembled to Ethernet at a high speed later.
D’Ambrosia says, the video, high-performance operation and demanding to network the speed and increasing accordingly to the application demand of the data centre of enterprises. IEEE established this seminar in July, the task is to confirm what kind of speed IEEE should make great efforts to reach in the next standard. At a IEEE meeting held in Dallas last Thursday, 100Gbps speed obtained 75% of the affirmative votes of seminar standardly.
Other speed standards that the seminar considers are 40Gbps, 80Gbps and 120Gbps, but their supporting rate is not high enough. D’Ambrosia says, the seminar, besides meeting the present demand in consideration while determining standard of this speed, have also weighed and finished its time and work capacity used in research.
Before 100Gbps Ethernet is finished studying and gone on the market, IEEE will also sanction setting up a work group to plan how to realize the goal of this speed. D’Ambrosia says, according to the past development experience, the standard 100Gbps Ethernet products may have been can finish studying by the end of 2009 or in the beginning of 2010.
Ethernet alliance is established Promote the development of technology of Ethernet
Devoted to the industry group promoting technology of Ethernet to develop continuously - -Ethernet alliance (Ethernet Alliance) Announced establishment a few days ago. Ethernet alliance contains all IEEE 802 Ethernet standards, through supporting technology of existing and new developing Ethernet and carrying on rational utilization to industry resources, this alliance can help every enterprise to strengthen technology popularization and arrangement for Ethernet products, and accelerate the listing process of the products.
The main members of Ethernet alliance are 3COM, outstanding system (Agere Systems) Altera, Aquantia, Broadcom, Force10 Networks, Foundry Networks, Intel, Lawrence Berkley laboratory, Pioneer, Quake Technologies, Samsung, Sun Microsystems, Tehuti Networks, Tyco Electronics, New Hampshire university interoperability experiment room (UNH-IOL) And Xilinx.
The president Brad Booth of Ethernet alliance points out: “Though Ethernet technology has already had a history of over 25 years, has returned a unitary voice to none in the industry, can reflect all IEEE 802 technical requirements of Ethernet, and serve for the demand of the whole of Ethernet industry. Under the positive support of the original member, Ethernet alliance will represent the will of the industry, promote all technical development of Ethernet and popularization actively. ”
IDC data network project director Cindy Borovick says: “Ethernet alliance will act a key backer role in 802 Ethernet fields, it will transmit the sound of the whole industry, and support canonial development of Ethernet and progress.
Historically, the company of making on the basis of technology of Ethernet, supporting or design system has set up short run industry’s alliance, it is mainly for putting out some technology or meeting demands of field of particular market. However, the range of the above-mentioned collaborative project is too narrow and small sometimes, and the existence time of the relation of this kind of alliance is seldom long, it is difficult to meet industry’s demand. In addition, it is not very feasible to set up the alliance for particular project specially either, because it is very difficult for every company to offer budget and resource for a plurality of project teams.
The establishment of Ethernet alliance has changed this kind of pattern. Alliances of that kind of support single IEEE 802 Ethernet project are different with the past, Ethernet alliance is the whole industrial organization, so long as helpful to technology of Ethernet, it will be existing all the time. This alliance will support various IEEE 802 Ethernet project through the following ways:
Accelerate new technical popularization in new developing the intersection of Ethernet and market, shorten time that new technology puts on market;
Devoted to defining and developing new Ethernet technology;
Help Ethernet user to understand how to be chosen the appropriate embodiment according to different application.
In addition, Ethernet alliance has also dispelled the obstacle in starting and organizing of the single specialized project, have saved time and investment.
Ethernet alliance will be devoted to three major fields in the focal point of work in 2006: Technology of Ethernet hatches, Ethernet interoperability show and education. In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose, Ethernet alliance has already begun 100,000 trillion hatching work of Ethernet, having launched the interoperability plan of showing 10GBASE-T, 10GBASE-LRM and slab Ethernet, and consumption electronic application. Relevant personnel will also canvass technical distant view of Ethernet and advantage in the key industry’s question will be discussed in groups.
The website of Ethernet alliance is: www.ethernetalliance.org.
WissTek: Paper published at SBrT 2005
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Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks in Fading-Affected Environments
Abstract
A particular type of ad hoc networks, the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN), is drawing considerable attention in recent studies. The WMNs provide good reliability, scalability and low infrastructure investments, which grants a market appeal to this technology. Because of the specific characteristics of the WMN’s traffic, the capacity and quality of service parameters of this this type of network have been studied, but in most cases, considering a simple propagation environment. This paper studies, through computational simulation, how some properties of the physical channel affect the quality of service and the capacity of a WMN.
* Paper written in Portuguese.