This is a pretty good guide to the various fruit types found on this planet. Some of the language is a bit dense for a non-botanist, so feel free to ask me if you have any questions. 
Somethings to remember:

-fruits come from a mature ovary and within this fruit are the seeds.

-ovaries are essentially a highly modified leaf that has folded over and sealed at the margins to form a container.

-One modified leaf = one carpel

-fruits can be simple (made from one carpel) or compound (more than one carpel)

-Fruits maybe be dry or fleshy

-fruits can stay closed at maturity, or they can open along one or more sutures (lines)